New York’S Stop And Frisk Laws Started In 2004, Heightening

New York’s Stop and Frisk laws started in 2004, heightening racial profiling in the criminal justice system. Law enforcement supports these discriminatory acts by stating the population will benefit from New York’s Stop and Frisk, because the government will stop the crimes before they are committed. These stops are still denoted unconstitutional by the people. The government supports stop and frisk built on the fact that the new law stops crime however, it does not. Today, people are afraid of strolling along in their city due to the potential of unlawfully being searched based on the opinion of an officer assuming they look â€Å"suspicious†. Therefore, by comparing data presented by the NYPD with the notion of utter discrimination and†¦show more content†¦Based on the statistics of NYPD’s 2016 second quarterly reports, 1,862 people in the African American community are stopped versus 342 Caucasians (NYPD second quarter reports, 2016). Consequen tly, this implies policemen classify â€Å"blacks† as delinquent even though they are uninvolved in any unlawful acts the majority of the time. The product of racial discrimination furthers the understanding that the country still does not hold minorities equal next to the other ethnicities. This demonstrates just one example on how the Stop and Frisk law variously inflates negative predigest to further the understanding that â€Å"blacks† are synonymous with barbarous criminals. The law can halt people if they show signs of acting suspicious which is both subjective and illegitimate. When conducting a pursuit into searching someone, they must have probable cause; the government defends their search based on furtive movement. According an article in the Huffington Post written by Mathias, â€Å"In 2011, officers marked furtive movement as the justification for nearly 352,000 stops, over 50 percent of the total number of stops that year† (Mathias, 2015). The Stop and Frisk law has no definite description on what a â€Å"furtive movement† would be. This leads to an extremely malleable definition resulting in subjectivity by the officer. Furthermore, being stopped because of a loose interruption of one single word, furtive, should not be a reason to frisk someone. A

The Organizations Respective Industry - 1213 Words

Organizations compile information to develop assessments in regards to the organization’s respective industry. To ensure an organization remains competitive it identifies threats and capitalizes on opportunities. Their approach to retaining a competitive advantage is strategic in regards to thoroughly evaluating the environment. A technology, industry, market, and environment (TIME) analysis providing a product manager with the necessary resources to gather intelligence regarding market conditions, market segment sizes, customer expectations, competitive products and strategies and other external shifts (Gorchels, 2012). However, organizations cannot only focus on external market conditions, as they must also focus on internal conditions.†¦show more content†¦Separate federal entities providing a service to the veteran community lead to complication in administering veterans’ benefits and services such as contrasting visions to serving the veteran. To simplify the process, in 1930, Congress gave the President authorization to consolidated three separate agenices under the Veterans Administration (Department of Veterans Affairs, n.d.). Under a single entity for managing veterans’ benefits and services, the organization was able to unify governmental efforts. One of the benefits and services the veterans receive at a minimal or no cost is health care services. In the health care component of the VA, technology is essential in delivering health care services. For instance, clinic and non-clinical staff utilize electronic health care records (EHR) such as computerized patient record system (CPRS) in administering health care services and in a collaborative diagnosis process. Utilizing the CPRS databases allows for a smooth transition in by fully automating physician orders, order dialogs, orderable items, management of medications, reviewing lab results and electronic generation of clinical notifications (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011). However, the CPRS database does not communicate with non-VA medical organizations, thus complicating VA and non-VA physicians’ effort to monitor and co-manage health care. To eliminate the barrier in sharing medical

Regulate Irresponsible Cell Phone Users on the Road free essay sample

The U. S constitution should pass a federal law to ban cell phone use on any moving vehicles. The law should include all 50 states. We get irritated when we are in certain places such as a library, movie theater or a concert when a person is talking or texting on his/her cell phone. But at least our lives are not in danger of extinction. When we are driving on the streets or the highways, however, drivers using their cell phones behind the wheels are more than irritating. These foolish cell phone users are putting our lives at risk. I have witnessed drivers so distracted by texting, chatting or updating their Facebook profiles that they resemble drunk drivers, merging between lanes or nearly driving into pedestrians in the crosswalks. These motorists are not convincing they are dangerous because the governments are not interfering with their careless behaviors. Only a few states are taking action to fines these drivers who are ignoring these safety warnings. For example, New York was the first state to ban motorists from using their cell phone while driving. In the state of New York, drivers that are found guilty of talking or texting behind the wheel, they will automatic fine a $150 violation fees and penalty of two points under the distracted driving handheld law. Many countries and cities in Europe are banning cell phones while driving and are persecuting drivers who are violating the cell phone laws. Some legislators introduce a number of bills to regulate these foolish drivers; apparently, those bills were rejected because most lawmakers do not think it is required. For example, Gary Biller the president of National Motorist Association (NMA) claimed the laws banning cell phone use while driving is not necessary. According to the NMA, talking and texting while driving are already covered by existing distracted-driving laws. It would be more productive, he said, to invest resources in campaigns that discourage careless driving in general. Mr. Biller quoted that drivers could easily become distracted by other actions such as having a conversation with their passengers, changing the radio stations, eating or applying make-up. Regulations on cell phone use while driving needed, because technologies are advancing, and more people are becoming more obsessed with their cell phone every five minutes in a day. Seemingly, 80% of people who live in the US have a cell phone and more people owning cell phones are expecting to grow in the future due to the arising of Smartphone’s. Drivers who are using their cell phone while driving are becoming more dangerous, and the laws on negligent and distracted driving are not sufficient to punish those offenders. None of us can disagree with that cell phone users on the road have caused traffic deaths and accidents. New studies verify drivers that are texting while behind the wheel, their reactions are the same as drivers behind the wheel intoxicated at the legal blood-alcohol limit. Insurance companies and researchers suggest that using cell phone while driving is dangerous. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimated that three thousands fatal traffic accidents nationwide that occurred last year were caused by distracted drivers and 70% of those polled were phoning. A survey published by State Farm Insurance, states that using a cell phone while driving delays reaction time the same amount as having a blood alcohol concentration of 0. 08 the legal limit. In 2006, a Utah psychologist did a study and confirms that driving while on the phone is as impaired as drunken driver. By comparing these two types of motorist, here are the psychology results: We found that people are as impaired when they drive and talk on a cell phone as they are when they drive intoxicated at the legal blood-alcohol limit† of 0. 8 percent, which is the minimum level that defines illegal drunken driving in most U. S. states, says study co-author Frank Drews, an assistant professor of psychology. â€Å"If legislators really want to address driver distraction, then they should consider outlawing cell phone use while driving. † The report first gained lawmakers attention, but they later compared it with distracted drivers. Nevertheless, the comparison with drunk dr iving is very serious and lawmakers should look deeper into creating a federal law to prohibit drivers from using their cell phone while on the road. If past studies have demonstrated that using a cell phone while driving is as risky as driving intoxicated. Therefore, law makers should focus to have every states keep a record on fatal accident involving cell phone, based on the statistics—they should pass a federal law on whether a driver should allow to use cell phone while driving or not. Many researchers report the dangers of driving while on the cell phone. Sadly, some lawmakers argued that the states which create those traffic laws to regulate cell phone while driving use are unnecessary. Harvard Center Risk Analysis performed a research in 2002 on how many fatal accidents were results each year due to cell phones usage while driving on the road. They have calculated 2,600 people die each year in car accident due to using their cell phones while driving. I could use myself as an example; I work for TracFone Wireless which is a prepaid cell phone company—where I release information on customers such as call detail records and subscriber information when served a subpoena by third parties. I have come across subpoenas from the deceased family members where the family’s attorney requests cell usage to compare the time of the collision with the phone records. In addition, one day I received a subpoena from a deceased’s family attorney requesting a call record on one of our customers. Although, I have received numerous requests similar to this one, on this particular request, the attorney was more detailed in the subpoena which gets me more aggravated when I see drivers on their cell phones behind the wheel. He requested the call details record to confirm the time the accident occurred that the accused driver was on the phone. The attorney reports that the customer ran a red light at 50 mph broadsided his client vehicle and killed him instantly. From that day forward, I would think twice before I use my cell phone while driving. Furthermore, in 2010 a British news-paper reported a teenager girl who killed a grandmother while she was reading an incoming text message. The police stated that the victim receive the incoming text seconds before the collision. Since mobile phones are becoming more technology advancing which are creating obsessions among many young adults. Legislators should pass a federal law on a national level to restrict use of cell phones while behind the wheel. Moreover, cell phone use on moving vehicles should be enforcing as a primary law in all the 50 states. It will make more sense if the law is not legislated in a state level. As of November 2, 2012, only 10 states restrict motorists from using their cell phones, and 32 states banned school bus drivers from using cell phones behind the wheel. Because researchers and scientist have made public awareness and confirm the dangers of using cell phones while driving. Legislators should focus on drafting a nationwide federal law to enforce hands-free cell phones on all motorists while behind the wheels. It is not fair; the law to ban cell phones is only made available on a few states. If cell phone uses on any moving vehicle are regulating, people will feel safer on the road and it will eliminating unnecessary car accidents. The time has come for the federal governments to adopt legislation to ban the use of cell phone while driving.

The Role of Melatonin in Determining the Sleep

Introduction The pineal gland that is positioned in the brain produces the hormone melatonin (Blask, 2009). Melatonin plays a significant role in the circadian control of sleep as well as in restraining the development of malignant cells. In addition, melatonin improves the performance of the immune system (Blask, 2009). This paper is a patient education material on the role of melatonin in determining the sleep-wake patterns.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Melatonin in Determining the Sleep-Wake Cycle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Melatonin and Sleep The human body undergoes regular cycles every twenty-four hours. These cycles, which entail sleep, secretion of certain hormones and regulation of body temperature, are referred to as circadian cycles. The suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus contains a rhythm-creating system that regulates the secretion of melatonin (Jarvis, Russell Gorman, 2004). Melatonin, which works as a night indicator, also controls this system. As darkness approaches, the pineal gland starts to secrete melatonin. The quantity of melatonin secreted increases as the darkness intensifies. Melatonin then sends a signal to the brain region that is responsible for the control of the sleep-wake cycle. Consequently, the brain responds by causing sleep. In the morning, the quantity of melatonin in the blood and in the brain reduces significantly thereby causing one to be awake. Contact of the eyes with light also diminishes the concentration of the hormone in the blood. Regulation of Melatonin Light and darkness are the key regulators of melatonin levels. Factors such as jet-lag (traveling to different time zones), working late at night and irregular sleep hours affect the secretion of melatonin and subsequently alter the sleep-wake cycle. Although melatonin is secreted naturally, synthetic melatonin is readily and can be used to improve sleep outcomes i n people with sleep disorders (Franco, 2008). Conclusion The sleep-wake cycle is important as it allows the body to have adequate rest. Therefore, we ought to ensure that we have sufficient hours of sleep to ensure the overall well-being of our bodies. References Blask, D. E. (2009). Melatonin, sleep disturbance and cancer risk. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 13(4), 257-264.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Franco, R. (2008). Melatonin. Web. Jarvis, M., Russell, J., Gorman, P. (2004). Angles of psychology (2nd ed.). United Kingdom: Nelson Thornes. This essay on The Role of Melatonin in Determining the Sleep-Wake Cycle was written and submitted by user Brandon Goff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition and Examples of Language Death

Definition and Examples of Language Death Language death is a  linguistic term for the end or extinction of a language. Also called language extinction. Language Extinction Distinctions are commonly drawn between an endangered language (one with few or no children learning the language) and an extinct language (one in which the last native speaker has died).   A Language Dies Every Two Weeks Linguist David Crystal has estimated that one language [is] dying out somewhere in the world, on average, every two weeks (By Hook or by Crook: A Journey in Search of English, 2008). Language Death Every 14 days a language dies. By 2100, more than half of the more than 7,000 languages spoken on Earthmany of them not yet recordedmay disappear, taking with them a wealth of knowledge about history, culture, the natural environment, and the human brain. (National Geographic Society, Enduring Voices Project)I am always sorry when any language is lost, because languages are the pedigree of nations. (Samuel Johnson, quoted by James Boswell in The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, 1785)Language death occurs in unstable bilingual or multilingual speech communities as a result of language shift from a regressive minority language to a dominant majority language. (Wolfgang Dressler, Language Death. 1988)Aboriginal Australia holds some of the worlds most endangered languages including Amurdag, which was believed to be extinct until a few years ago when linguists came across speaker Charlie Mangulda living in the Northern Territory.(Holly Bentley, Mind Your Language. The Guardian, Aug. 13, 2010) The Effects of a Dominant Language A language is said to be dead when no one speaks it any more. It may continue to have existence in recorded form, of coursetraditionally in writing, more recently as part of a sound or video archive (and it does in a sense live on in this way)but unless it has fluent speakers one would not talk of it as a living language. . . .The effects of a dominant language vary markedly in different parts of the world, as do attitudes towards it. In Australia, the presence of English has, directly or indirectly, caused great linguistic devastation, with 90% of languages moribund. But English is not the language which is dominant throughout Latin America: if languages are dying there, it is not through any fault of English. Moreover, the presence of a dominant language does not automatically result in a 90% extinction rate. Russian has long been dominant in the countries of the former USSR, but there the total destruction of local languages has been estimated to be only (sic) 50%.(David Crystal, Language Death. Cambridge University Press, 2002) Aesthetic Loss The main loss when a language dies is not cultural but aesthetic. The click sounds in certain African languages are magnificent to hear. In many Amazonian languages, when you say something you have to specify, with a suffix, where you got the information. The Ket language of Siberia is so awesomely irregular as to seem a work of art.But let’s remember that this aesthetic delight is mainly savored by the outside observer, often a professional savorer like myself. Professional linguists or anthropologists are part of a distinct human minority. . . .At the end of the day, language death is, ironically, a symptom of people coming together. Globalization means hitherto isolated peoples migrating and sharing space. For them to do so and still maintain distinct languages across generations happens only amidst unusually tenacious self-isolationsuch as that of the Amishor brutal segregation. (Jews did not speak Yiddish in order to revel in their diversity but because they lived in an a partheid society.)(John McWhorter, The Cosmopolitan Tongue: The Universality of English. World Affairs Journal, Fall 2009) Steps to Preserve a Language [T]he best non-linguists can do, in North-America, towards preserving languages, dialects, vocabularies and the like is, among other possible actions, (French linguist Claude Hagà ¨ge, author of On the Death and Life of Languages, in Q and A: The Death of Languages. The New York Times, Dec. 16, 2009) Participating in associations which, in the US and Canada, work to obtain from local and national governments a recognition of the importance of Indian languages (prosecuted and led to quasi-extinction during the XIXth century) and cultures, such as those of the Algonquian, Athabaskan, Haida, Na-Dene, Nootkan, Penutian, Salishan, Tlingit communities, to name just a few;Participating in funding the creation of schools and the appointment and payment of competent teachers;Participating in the training of linguists and ethnologists belonging to Indian tribes, in order to foster the publication of grammars and dictionaries, which should also be financially helped;Acting in order to introduce the knowledge of Indian cultures as one of the important topics in American and Canadian TV and radio programs. An Endangered Language in Tabasco The language of Ayapaneco has been spoken in the land now known as Mexico for centuries. It has survived the Spanish conquest, seen off wars, revolutions, famines and floods. But now, like so many other indigenous languages, its at risk of extinction.There are just two people left who can speak it fluentlybut they refuse to talk to each other. Manuel Segovia, 75, and Isidro Velazquez, 69, live 500 metres apart in the village of Ayapa in the tropical lowlands of the southern state of Tabasco. It is not clear whether there is a long-buried argument behind their mutual avoidance, but people who know them say they have never really enjoyed each others company.They dont have a lot in common, says Daniel Suslak, a linguistic anthropologist from Indiana University, who is involved with a project to produce a dictionary of Ayapaneco. Segovia, he says, can be a little prickly and Velazquez, who is more stoic, rarely likes to leave his home.The dictionary is part of a race against time to revi talize the language before it is definitively too late. When I was a boy everybody spoke it, Segovia told the Guardian by phone. Its disappeared little by little, and now I suppose it might die with me. (Jo Tuckman, Language at Risk of Dying OutLast Two Speakers Arent Talking. The Guardian, April 13, 2011) Those linguists racing to save dying languagesurging villagers to raise their children in the small and threatened language rather than the bigger national languageface criticism that they are unintentionally helping keep people impoverished by encouraging them to stay in a small-language ghetto. (Robert Lane Greene, You Are What You Speak. Delacorte, 2011)

The House of the Scorpion Essays

The House of the Scorpion Essays The House of the Scorpion Essay The House of the Scorpion Essay The house of the scorpion The term extraordinary can apply to many things. The definition of extraordinary is an object that is â€Å"very unusual and deserving attention†. The House of the Scorpion deserves to be called extraordinary because it spins a masterful literary web that will not set you free until you finish the last page with a satisfied sigh. Because of the moralistic issues she cunningly weaves into the book, the excellent literary language, and her cautionary take on the future, Farmer will never disappoint her readers as she spins her dispute between right and wrong. There is a thin line between good and evil. Farmer delves into morally wrong issues, and brings our twisted inventions to the light. She poses questions of right and wrong of topics discussed today. Is it ethical to clone human beings? Is a human suffering, even though they are not aware of it? Farmer brings our worst fears into view and dissects them one by one. Even though we clearly see some things as bad and others as good Farmer gives a second opinion on these issues and makes us rethink our answers. Her take on right and wrong is exemplified by El Patron and Matt. One is clearly right, and the other wrong. But the reader cannot but feel that El Patron was to be sympathized with, such as when he pitifully repeats the tale of his dead brothers and sisters. Matt on the other hand at some times was to be despised at, such when he forced Maria to kiss him. Readers will be kept to the edge of their seat as she presents questions and answers and while at the same time causing ourselves to delve deeply into our hearts and find what we believe in. Readers will not be able to put down this book because of the thoughtful questions it provokes. Another one of the reasons why readers are recommended this book is Farmer’s literary style. While the plot is the bare bones of the story, the meat is what really makes the book worth reading. Her characters are the veins that give the book life as they flow richly from the pages. You can hear Celia and Maria laughing with Matt while Tam Lin indulgently watches on. You can practically feel the love between them as Tam Lin befriends the lonely despised clone, as Maria bypasses prejudices to love him, as Celia bravely defies El Patron by poisoning Matt’s heart. She cleverly describes her tale of a futuristic landscape in sweeping imagery, so real you can join in Matt’s horror when he finds out what eejits really are. Farmer has effectively enthralled readers because of the life she breathes into the book, transforming a set of simple bones into an extraordinary literary tale by infusing it with flesh, blood and a heart. The heart is what keeps people reading, and convinces people to read them; it is the heart that pumps the blood through the veins and lends animation to the bones. Farmer captures the workings of a heart and imbues it into her book making it a worthwhile read. Farmer keeps a firm grip on reality while presenting a real and shocking view on our world a hundred years into the future. She looks at arguments that plague our world now and imagine what will happen hundreds of years later. Some authors may see science fiction as a way out of reality, because literally anything can happen in the future. Farmer, however, gives plausible views of what could happen to us in our civilization if things continue as they do now. What she foresees is economic disaster, whales dying and whole oceans choked with pollution. She sees a life where everybody is running away from their life because reality is too harsh to face. She sees countries crippled because of drugs, mindless slaves working in the poppy fields. She sees everybody unable to face the truth because sometimes the truth is too hard to bear. She has given us an entirely possible future, where everyone we know can be an eejit, every child we know could be starving because nothing is equal. This book will give readers a new view on what our world could become. Farmer presents cautionary tale of what could happen if it is too late to open our eyes and enslave millions of people to a miserable existence. Nancy Farmer’s work in The House of the Scorpion has entertained millions of readers because of the questions she cunningly weaves into the plot, the beautiful literary imagery, and the setting, which takes place a hundred years into the future. Her futuristic setting lends a sense of horror to the book as everything is dead or struggling to live. She has captured readers with her excellent plot which she fleshes out with believable characters. She has given the book a heart and thus it will capture generations of people because of the qualities she has written it with.

Capital punishment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Capital punishment - Research Paper Example At present capital punishment is abolished in maximum countries but there are some countries like USA, India and China where it is still practiced though in the rarest of the rare cases. The idea behind capital punishment crops from the medieval concept which means to repay back in blood for the blood taken. Their thinking behind favoring capital punishment is that it reduced state expenses by putting the person to death immediately, sending a strong message to the society against the crime and thus allows a retribution of the crime. The argument can thus be stated that As capital punishment or death penalty is a debatable issue, there are many scholarly reviews that focused on both the aspects of this situation. The paper would focus on those scholarly resources where death penalty has been favored over its abolishment. In the article â€Å"Should we reintroduce the death penalty?† capital punishment has been shown to be favored by the people of Australia. In the article it was seen that people of Australia reacted in favor of capital punishment over a particularly brutal murder of a nurse named Anita Cobby in 1986 (Should we reintroduce the death penalty?, 1990, p.6). The article was divided into two groups of persons. The group against it said that it was the most barbaric and medieval form of torture inflicted on the person. It could increase violence. The group favoring it said that death penalty helped to reduce the threat to the social order as in the absence of such an extreme measure, solidarity of the society could be hampered. They also argued that imprisonment cannot guarantee that upon release the person would not commit the same crime again. They also stated that keeping a criminal in prison would simple add up to the cost of the state economy (Should we reintroduce the death pe nalty?, 1990, p.6). So it would be judicious

Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Diversity - Essay Example It should be noted that the ideas of people from one culture may be different from that of people from another culture. For example, it is not necessary that a Chinese employee and an Indian employee use same procedures while performing a difficult task. The methods employed by them may have advantages and disadvantages. The blending of these different ideas may result in a new idea. Such new ideas will help the development of new technologies, products and services, and thereby an organization can improve its competitive power in the market. It is difficult for modern organizations to use single cultural workforce and still able to develop properly, since the business are operating globally at the moment. For example, it is impossible for an American company operating in India to use only Americans at its workplace in India. It should be noted that Indians know Indian market better than the Americans. Therefore, the services of locals are inevitable while a company operates globally. To conclude, diversity at workplaces would help an organization to improve creativity among workforces and thereby develop new products and services. The development of new products and services would help the organization to increase its competitive power in the global

Country Music Essay Example for Free

Country Music Essay Country music is one form of music that has both an extensive history and also has a prominent place in the public consciousness right now. It is one of the most interesting types of music because of the fact that many people completely misunderstand where it came from and its roots. Though much of the history country music can be traced to many southern venues, it has since grown to be a much more â€Å"national† type of phenomenon, with influence stretching from Bakersfield, California to the Atlantic coast of the United States. Performers now come from all over the world to take part in the country music phenomenon and in recent years the, country music has gained a much more mainstream following than it had in the past. By both celebrating its roots and being willing to branch out to reach new listeners, country music as a whole has positioned itself for much greater success in the future, as well. In order to truly understand the origins of country music, one has to look as far back as the turn of the twentieth century. Though country did not truly get its start until later, the groundwork for the industry was being laid by musicians who probably did not even know what country music was. Old jazz musicians and church gospel singers provided the original motivation for what would become the country music movement. Singers would later draw influences from those old styles in order to develop the characteristic country sound that is so popular and prevalent in today’s music world. Country officially got its start in 1921 in Bristol, Tennessee. Before that time, people had been singing songs in order to pass down stories and to fill the idle time, but there had never been an organized country music industry. According to Roughstock’s History of Country Music, â€Å"Although musicians had been recording fiddle tunes (known as Old Time Music at that time) in the southern Appalachians for several years, It wasnt until August 1, 1927 in Bristol, Tennessee, that Country Music really began. There, on that day, Ralph Peer signed Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family to recording contracts for Victor Records† (Roughstock). Those two popular acts laid the framework for country to come, and they are both remembered for their innovation and their ability to connect with singers of that time. Over the course of time, country music has seen many different movements that have all helped to shape the sound that is prevalent today. The Bluegrass movement, headed up by the famous Bill Monroe of Kentucky was a type of music where people relied heavily on the banjo, the acoustic guitar, and the mandolin. Before Monroe starting experimenting with these instruments, people had never thought to use the guitar as a lead instrument before. This Bluegrass sound would prove to be a characterizing sound and it has influenced many of today’s most popular singers, including women like Allison Krause. According to Jeri Rowe of The News and Record, the Bill Monroe movement is something that almost all of the famous musicians have felt over the course of time. According to Rowe, â€Å"Ask anyone familiar with bluegrass music and theyll probably have a Bill Monroe moment† (Rowe, 1996). Other movements have become popular in country music, including the innovations that came along with the Bakersfield sound. Though country music had long had its roots in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia, young people out in California changed the way that people thought about the country music industry by expanding the sound to include something of an â€Å"Outlaw† movement (Encyclopedia of Country Music). Among those people who led this popular movement were Merle Haggard, who became a spokesperson for the common man during his time. His songs like â€Å"Long Haired Country Boy† and â€Å"Okie from Muskogee† made him famous. Another famed musician that was a part of the progressive country movement, as it came to be called, was Willie Nelson. Nelson is known as a popular singer and songwriter today and he has worked alongside dozens of extremely popular musicians during his career. He sang songs like â€Å"Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain† and â€Å"Mommas, Don’t Let your Babies Grow up to be Cowboys† that were able to really connect to fans on a very personal level. One of the unique things about the country music industry is that all of these different movements have helped to create the sound that characterizes country music today. Starting with the Outlaw movement, the Bluegrass movement, and things like the Nashville sound, people have begun to combine all of these different elements to create a very real sound of today. The Nashville sound is something that came about, as one might guess, in the heart of country music located in Nashville. This came about when Roy Acuff made the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville a popular thing. It started out as just one of the many barn shows that played country music across the powerful radio airwaves. Over time, the Grand Ole Opry became much more than that. It came to characterize the Nashville sound, which was a new sound that included things like the old steel guitar and drums in the background. The Nashville sound changed the way people felt about country music, as musicians like Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs brought their unique methods to Nashville and gained popularity. All in all, the Nashville sound represented a brand new vision for country music, where people could experiment with different things on the highest level at the Grand Ole Opry. The Opry gave legitimacy to these acts and people began to quickly respond to the new techniques and new sounds that they were hearing up on the stage (Hemphill). Today, the country music world has moved even more into the mainstream than it was in the past. It is safe to say that widespread radio is what helped country music take off and now people are enjoying it in different ways. When things like TNN and CMT came about, country music was put on television for the world to see. Though this made some people in the country music world mad because the networks opted for the new styles and neglected some of the older heroes of country music, it helped the industry at large. People could not watch country music as much as they wanted and they could begin to put faces with the voices that they had heard on the radio. The innovation of music on television really helped the country music industry as much as it helped all of the other music industries. More records are sold today than ever before, as people like George Strait have sold hundreds of millions of records. Strait owns the record for most number one hits for a singer, while the South Carolina-based group Alabama owns the record for most number one hits for a group. Other acts that have become popular today are people like Garth Brooks, who helped change the way country music was looked at in a sense of live performances. Brooks turned the country music world into something of a rock show and made the shows more appealing to younger people. In the past, country music had been looked at as something that was a little bit boring when seen in concert. People went to see country music shows because they liked the sound of the music, not because they wanted to be entertained. This all changed when Brooks came about in the late 1980s. He added things like lights and great technology to his shows. The sound was impressive and finally the country music world was able to compete with the rock world at least on some level. This was a very important change for country music and predictably, more and more artists starting picking up where Brooks left off. It is fair to say that the country music world has not been completely embraced by the media at large, but the media has at least picked up on the national importance of some of the acts. In the past, the country music world might have been pushed off to the side with the rock and roll world taking center stage a little bit more. People are now coming to realize that rock and country are much more inter-connected than they might have originally imagined and that country music deserves to be recognized for its huge following. With country music selling at high rates in record stores and television channels getting great ratings, there is no choice in the national media but to pick up on the new and changing times, even if they do not totally believe everything that is being said. There is some perception out there that country music is a music based in the south and for southern people, though evidence has been provided to the contrary. One media controversy worth remembering happened with the popular group The Dixie Chicks, who were ostracized by the media and the mainstream country music world for their comments about President George W. Bush. Their political talk earned them a place on the proverbial country music blacklist. A Gazette Newspaper article speaks to the fact that the controversy may have been overblown by some media outlets, as country music singers are certainly not the first musicians to speak out in a political way. In fact, music has always been an avenue for this type of free speech. That article says, â€Å"Even entertainers have a right to say whatever they want to about U. S. foreign policy and politics and in fact, many have been doing so for decades, getting rich and famous while thumbing their noses at the nation that makes them so† (Gazette). One of the concerns of many country musicians today is that the media is willing to give time to the current stars, but no one will recognize the people who laid the framework for the country music movement. One People Magazine article quotes popular country music star Alan Jackson talking about living legend George Jones and how no one is willing to recognize him. The article writes, â€Å"Jackson spokeswoman Kay West said Alan was inspired by a visit to Jones earlier this year in the hospital after Jones was involved in a near-fatal car wreck. Alan said that had George Jones died there, there would have been a 10-minute tribute to him on the show, West said. But he lived, and they wouldnt give him three minutes† (People). All in all, country music seems to be growing at a faster rate than it ever has. Helped along by more coverage in the media and the fact that more and more types of musicians are currently getting involved in country music, the industry has taken off at a higher degree than most might have imagined in the past. Though the roots of country music are strong and many people seek to preserve and celebrate those roots, there is no denying that the industry in branching out in a desire to incorporate new fans and new acts alike going into the future. With that in mind, the future of the industry is strong and as stable as it can possibly be. Works Cited Hemphill, Paul. The Nashville Sound. 30 September 2005. Everthemore Press. Kingsbury, Paul. The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Oxford: 2004. People Magazine. Country Music Controversy. 2008. http://www. people. com/people/article/0,,616549,00. html Roughstock’s History of Country Music. The Beginnings. http://www. roughstock. com/history/begin. html Rowe, Jeri. The News and Record. 12 September 1996. BILL MONROES INFLUENCE FELT BY MUSICIANS IN THE TRIAD; AREA BLUEGRASS FANS REMEMBER BILL MONROE, THE FATHER OF BLUEGRASS MUSIC. The Gazette. 7 May 2003. Whistling Dixie Freedom of speech not at issue in country music controversy.

Aggression: Biological, Psychological and Cultural Explanations Essay

Aggression: Biological, Psychological and Cultural Explanations Most people will agree that aggression can become dangerous and that it is a serious problem. The source of different acts of aggression is trying to be understood from medical, psychological and cultural perspectives. Some scientists try to treat the abnormal aggressive behavior with medication, while others go deeper and try to find out why they have abnormal behavior. Some answers are biological, like genes and hormones, other answers are psychological, like rejection as a cause of aggression, and still others are cultural, blaming aggression on violence in the media. Some men who are aggressive are being treated by scientists who are using SPECT, Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography, to identify regions of the brain that are causing the problems with aggression. (1) SPECT creates a color picture of the blood flow and activity in the brain and variation in color reveals abnormalities and damaged regions. (1) Unusual increased or decreased activity that are key in causing aggression are often found in three areas of the brains. (1) Aggressive thoughts reside in the left temporal lobe; the anterior cingulate gyrus controls repeated thoughts and amount of attention given to something; and the prefrontal cortex controls impulse. (1) Usually aggressive men have too much or too little activity in the left temporal lobe, too much activity in the anterior cingulate gyrus and too little activity in the prefrontal cortex so that they cannot control themselves. (1) By identifying which region or regions are abnormal scientists can prescribe the bes t drug treatment for that specific person. Drugs help balance the activity in their brains, but why are they im... ...s. (12) Rejection was found to be a direct cause of aggression. So, both the presence of weapons and the feeling of being rejected aid in increased, abnormal aggressive behavior. We have begun to look at different explanations of the why's and how's of aggression. Different biological, social and psychological reasons are presented and are equally supported and rejected. One thing that can be determined by acknowledging the different possible causes of aggression is that there is not one thing that causes aggression, because everyone acts differently to different problems. Not everyone who is rejected acts out aggressively, so maybe some of the people who do act aggressively have other problems that are biological in nature. Aggression is a bio-psycho-social issue that is being addressed, and needs to be addressed in the future, from all different perspectives.

Winning the Lottery

Victor M. Rivera Christina ENG 1250, EOL53 26 January 2013 Winning the lottery Winning the lottery is the wish and desire of every person in the world. In Fact, it can either make life miserable or wonderful, full of joy. It can cause a change of personality in steadily. But, when individuals that lived a normal poor or middle class life overnight become worth more than they could ever imagine. At that point, it creates life risk, family issues, or even depression. Overall there’s a good and bad side to winning the lottery. Like getting rid of debt, or taking care of your family future.Considering the luck of winning the lottery, there are a few cause and effect to that tremendous change of life which will affect each and everyone in your path of lifestyle forever. Wishing to be a lottery winner sound great but when the actual moment arrives, it will transform each and every person in a different way for life. â€Å"Why is winning the lottery great? † First of all, it c an help you pay all debt and help establish a better future for loved ones. But, also can create more debt if you don’t know how to manage your money right. It can help your children future as well by providing better education and a secure ticket to college.In fact, it can be opposite children decided not attending further education or waste the life saving on other unimportant things. There’s even time it can be a life risk. Everyone in the world will know the winner of the lottery ticket. It would also create an uncomfortable environment. Everything will change from being a calm easy going day to having daily reporters at your door steps, having agencies calling to provide there services, or even at same time people will start calling for a part of the money like family members, friends, and other source asking for help.Establishing safety and security procedures would have to be the first step to any millionaire winner overnight. Deborah L. Jacobs, Forbes staff sta tes, â€Å"As it happens, winning the lottery isn’t always the happy ending to a life story anyway†(par. 4). According to numerous winners it can help or destroy your family. More money is more problems. Which in the future can change your kind, sweet heart to a mean, cold-hearted person brought upon of the numerous attention and pressure from family, friends, and other sources. It will or can lead to depression. Depression can lead to spending, drinking, or even bigger terrible things.Everything is going to be difficult in a way with money or without money. Winning the lottery is everyone’s dream but it can really become a nightmare. By, simply playing $5, $10, or $15 at your local gas station. It can make an incredible change to your life style and future. Without knowing if the changes will be for better or worse. Sadly to say money doesn’t always bring happiness like some people would think and can cause distress, rather than joy. Disappoint my come f rom having that amount of money in your life. Eventually not matter what you do and say life is going to be like being on a spot light your whole entire life.Your biggest responsibility will be to secure, protect, and guarantee the safety of yourself and nearby family. Well, every choice in life has a cause and effect. So, sometimes it takes more thinking to obtain a better answer or just analysis the situation you can probably determine the outcome. Winning the lottery can give you a lot but, also can take from you the most valuable and priceless possession you ever had before. Work Cited Jacobs, Deborah L. â€Å"Winning the Lottery Isn't Alway a Happy Ending. † N. p. , 28 Nov. 2012. Web. .

Electronic Funds Transfer Essay

Living in an electronically controlled world today, it is not that hard to accept the fact that almost everything is primarily controlled by technology. Here comes the age when almost everything happens within a single click. Apparently, almost everything in the society happens within seconds. This has been primarily enhanced through the existence of online connections through the development of the internet. The developments of banking systems at the same time have also been pushed through. With the existence of the online trading procedures, the development of fund transfer processes also demanded several progresses in terms of creating the possibilities of handling the money the fastest way possible. To be able to meet the needs mentioned above, it could be observed that the need for express money transfers is heightened. With the many money exchanges happening around the globe regularly, the old system of money transfer that requires time and several complicated procedures of claiming the transferred funds already is being gradually eliminated in the human society. The need for a speed enhanced transfer of money could obviously not be met by the said type of fund transfers. On the other hand EFT’s or Electronic Fund Transfer gives the best possible way of sending money from all over the world towards the different regions of the world. More than that, the security of money transfer has also been heightened by this particular type of monetary transaction procedure. To be able to learn more about the said procedure of money transfer, it is necessary to know the basic information pertaining to its primary developments. How it all Began The developments of EFT’s have been primarily handled by banks who wanted to increase the services that they provide their clients with. It could be noted that through the increased concern of investors and economic enthusiasts in enhancing the processes of fund transfer around the globe gave the bankers an idea on what to actually apply in the procedures of developing the said system of money transfer from person to person and company to company transactions. At first, the development of this particular process assisted on credit transactions, the use of cards in monetary transactions and other basic procedures concerning monetary procedures of transfer. However, when the bankers found out the possibility of utilizing the benefits of online connections in this particular process, the development of the integration of online internet connections within the procedures of completing bank to bank monetary transactions has been pushed through. Now, through the internet alone, investors, businessmen and even just ordinary bank depositors could already transfer and receive funds through the internet. The said procedure of monetary fund transfer enhancement also involves several other types of other monetary transactions such as: †¢ Sale: where the cardholder pays for goods or service. †¢ Refund: where a merchant refunds an earlier payment made by a cardholder. †¢ Withdrawal: the cardholder withdraws funds from their account, e. g. from an ATM. The term Cash Advance may also be used, typically when the funds are advanced by a merchant rather than at an ATM. Deposit: where a cardholder deposits funds to their own account (typically at an ATM). †¢ Cashback: where a cardholder withdraws funds from their own account at the same time as making a purchase. †¢ Inter-account transfer: transferring funds between linked accounts belonging to the same cardholder †¢ Payment: transferring funds to a third party account †¢ Inquiry: a transaction without financial impact, for instance balance inquiry, available funds inquiry, linked accounts inquiry, or request for a statement of recent transactions on the account. Administrative: this covers a variety of non-financial transactions including PIN change. (Source: Wikipedia. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Electronic_funds_transfer. ) These types of transaction involves client to company, company to bank, then bank to bank communication to be able to complete the transaction transfers. It has been found out through studies system of electronic fund transfer transactions receive a considerable number of people who are able to appreciate the benefits of the said monetary transaction procedures (Davies, 1989, 34). The said system of fund transfer involves numerous communicating procedures between several parties. This is to verify the identity of the senders as well as the identity of the receivers for the sake of security purposes. The Benefits of EFT Looking through the view point of the senders of the monetary funds that are to be transferred, it could not be denied that there are several benefits that outline the entire EFT procedures making it more practical for investors, business enthusiasts as well as local depositors to make use of. The said benefits include the following: (a) Speed Most fund transfers that are assisted through electronic devices such as online bank connections and other transferring agents, the transfer time processing takes at least tow to three days if the location is just within the country, whereas it takes four to five working days when the transactions are to be done internationally. Either way, the procedures of the transfer in the case of EFT is far much faster than that of other mailing based transfer procedures. (b) Security  Since no actual money is going to be transferred from party to party, there would be fewer cases of funds being lost. Everything is tracked through network systems, enough reason for senders to be rest assured that what they sent would be received by the people that they are sending the funds to as it is. (c) Minimal Fees Since the speed is heightened, this particularly means that the parties involved in the transactions are minimized as well. Hence, the fees that are charged are much lowered down in rates that are most likely more acceptable to the senders of the money. (d) Transaction Order Details are Intact  It has been much necessary for this particular type of money transfer to keep everything on track. This particularly means that the transaction details are kept for repeated updating of the people who are sending the money to help them keep good track of their funds basing from the amount of monetary funds that they send out. (e) Money Managing assistance The tracking details of the systems actually encourage the clients to have an effective way of managing their money. It is through this procedure that they are able to assist their clients in controlling their use of their money. With the benefits mentioned herein, it could be observed that the EFT procedures indeed increase the capabilities of the senders and the receivers of money to control their funds through continuous and accurate tracking procedures. It is through this that the clients are well served by the banks through the integration of bank systems, electronic transfer and online connections. This is particularly the main reason why most business enterprises today choose to pay their investors and their employees through EFT procedures. They intend to give their employees bank cards that would allow them to withdraw their payments through ATM automation. The investors on the other hand receive their shares of the company profit in the same manner. At times, they give their accounts to the business financial administrators and then the funds are simply transferred to their accounts in time of cut-offs. The Governing Laws According to Roland E. Brandel’s book entitled â€Å"The Law of Electronic Fund Transfer Systems† (2005, 15), â€Å"the impending large influence of technological innovations within the economic advancements of the human society is indeed making a great change in the way the people used to view banking systems†. It is through the development of the said systems that the people already view banks to be one of the most efficient performing sectors of the human society. However, because of several security measures, the government along with the basic regulations of the banks has passed several outlines of procedures that should be used to be able to access EFT systems in a much safer way. It could not be denied that it is also through the existence of EFT’s that some computer hackers are able to access the identity of other people and worse, are able to make machinations to be able to fraudulently steal form their accounts through online connections. It is for this particular reason that the security measures have been pushed to the limits. Everything is highly being tracked especially when it comes to fund transfer procedures. According to Tan Beng Chye Dennis: â€Å"The U. S. Government monitors EFT compliance through Regulation E of the Federal Reserve Board, which implements the Electronic Funds Transfer Act (EFTA). Regulation E governs financial transactions with electronic payment services, specifically with regard to disclosure of information, consumer liability, error resolution, record retention, and receipts at electronic terminals. † This is only among the ways by which the government protects the funds of the people who are using the said transfer system. The security of the money that they send through electronic procedures is one of the primary concerns of the banks and the online financial companies that process the service. With the close observation of the procedures of the EFT system, it could be noticed that the authorization of who should only be involved in the transfer as well as with the receiving of the funds are held in direct tracking, this is particularly to address the safety of the fund and the efficiency of the service. Conclusion The modern day business procedures are indeed engaging in the band wagon of becoming highly high-tech in completing the services that they ought to give their clients as well as their employees. Through the existence of EFT systems, the business transactions of many multinational business organizations experiences ease at present. Book keeping procedures have been reduced and paper works have been gradually minimized. It could be observed that through the integration of the new technology with the procedures of helping the business companies perform their most important roles of providing funds to the society their jobs became much easier to complete. Moreover, the enhanced security of fund transfer procedures through electronic application and the integration of the law within the system give much promise to a more efficient service provided by the banks in coordination with the online financial assisting companies. True, technology has not only increased the efficient capabilities of the bank systems in transferring funds, it also eased the procedures of business transactions and assured the clients in receiving their money in a secure procedure. It could be observed that the expectation for a more complicated and comprehensive procedure in fund transferring processes in the future is indeed reasonable. The never-ending changes that happen in the banking systems are certainly to be enhanced for better service to the clients that the banks and financial companies ought to lend some service to. Indeed, the researches that are done today regarding this particular matter certainly would bring much better results for the business industries.

definition of art essays

definition of art essays Art is an expression of life, which means it expresses emotions. Creation that allows for interpretation of any kind is art. I have read somewhere that art is a human skill as opposed to nature, a skill applied to music, painting, poetry etc. I believe that nature is art as well. If something is made a certain way, then its unique in its own way. Artists will use their form of artwork to pass along their views and feelings. Their importance and value to society has remained the same throughout history. The images that they produce may express an innovative way of seeing the world or society around us. Interpreting art depends on a person experiences, their visionary thoughts, culture, and associations. Art is like love in that there are so many definitions and examples for each. Therefore, I believe art is not perfection; art is something that continues to develop as it is seen, meaning to open all human capacities, thoughts and emotions. Art is a creation that lets observer interpret the art any way they see it and the artists to portray their art in whatever way they want whether it is viewed the same way as the observer or not. Art is to enable those experiences to be intelligible and recognized within the thoughts and emotions of the world. A dot on a piece of paper for example. What was the artist thinking when he created this? The person looking at the picture would have to find a meaning for him or herself. Is that art? I would have to say yes, because the work posed a question and the artist gives me a feeling of wonder, can I associate myself to this dot. Can that particular artwork be random? Yes, because that dot makes the person think and question. Art can also have intentions, which suggests that the artist might intend to make the person think, associate themselves with the dot. The viewer may feel that the dot is just a dot, that it has no meaning to them. The point is it made them think, and art makes you t ...

Poem Lyrics of Some of the Best Emily Dickinson Poems

Poem Lyrics of Some of the Best Emily Dickinson Poems Here are the poem lyrics of some of the best Emily Dickinson poems. To make your browsing more effective, I have included a bit of each poem after the title. A Bird Came DownEmily DickinsonA bird came down the walk:He did not know I saw; A Door Just Opened on a StreetEmily DickinsonA door just opened on a streetI, lost, was passing byA Drop Fell on the Apple TreeEmily DickinsonA drop fell on the apple treeAnother on the roof;A Light Exists in SpringEmily DickinsonA light exists in springNot present on the year A Long, Long Sleep, a Famous SleepEmily DickinsonA long, long sleep, a famous sleepThat makes no show for dawnA Narrow Fellow in the GrassEmily DickinsonA narrow fellow in the grassOccasionally rides; A Thought Went up My Mind To-DayEmily DickinsonA thought went up my mind to-dayThat I have had before,After Great Pain, a Formal Feeling ComesEmily DickinsonAfter great pain, a formal feeling comesThe Nerves sit ceremonious, like Tombs Because I Could Not Stop for DeathEmily DickinsonBecause I could not stop for Death,He kindly stopped for me; Death Sets a Thing of SignificantEmily DickinsonDeath sets a thing significantThe eye had hurried by,Delight Becomes PictorialEmily DickinsonDelight becomes pictorialWhen viewed through pain,Departed to the JudgmentEmily DickinsonDeparted to the judgment,A mighty afternoon;Each Life Converges to Some CentreEmily DickinsonEach life converges to some centreExpressed or still;For Each Ecstatic InstantEmily DickinsonFor each ecstatic instantWe must an anguish payGod Gave a Loaf to Every BirdEmily DickinsonGod gave a loaf to every bird,But just a crumb to me;God Permit Industrious AngelsEmily DickinsonGod permit industrious angelsAfternoons to play.He Fumbles at Your SpiritEmily DickinsonHe fumbles at your spiritAs players at the keysHeaven Is What I Cannot Reach!!Emily DickinsonHeaven is what I cannot reach!The apple on the tree,Hope is the Thing With FeathersEmily DickinsonHope is the thing with feathersThat perches in the soul, I Died for Beauty But Was ScarceEmily DickinsonI died for beauty but was scarceAdjusted in the tomb, I Felt a Funeral in My BrainEmily DickinsonI felt a funeral in my brain,And mourners, to and fro, I Found the Phrase to Every ThoughtEmily DickinsonI found the phrase to every thoughtI ever had, but one;I Had Been Hungry All the YearsEmily DickinsonI had been hungry all the years-My noon had come, to dine-I Had No Time to Hate, BecauseEmily DickinsonI had no time to hate, becauseThe grave would hinder me,I Heard a Fly Buzz When I DiedEmily DickinsonI heard a fly buzz when I died;The stillness round my form I Like to See It Lap the MilesEmily DickinsonI like to see it lap the miles,And lick the valleys up, I Lived on Dread; to Those Who KnowEmily DickinsonI lived on dread; to those who knowThe stimulus there isI Measure Every Grief I MeetEmily DickinsonI measure every grief I meetWith analytic eyes;I Never Hear the Word EscapeEmily DickinsonI never hear the word escapeWithout a quicker blood,I Never Saw a MoorEmily DickinsonI never saw a moor,I never saw the sea; I Taste a Liquor Never BrewedEmily DickinsonI taste a liquor never brewed,From tankards scooped in pearl; If I Can Stop One Heart From BreakingEmily DickinsonIf I can stop one heart from breaking,I shall not live in vain;If You Were Coming in the FallEmily DickinsonIf you were coming in the fall,Id brush the summer by Im Nobody! Who Are You?Emily DickinsonIm nobody! Who are you?Are you nobody, too? Success is Counted SweetestEmily DickinsonSuccess is counted sweetestBy those who neer succeed. Did you like this poem? Why not receive free classic poems by email? Here are the poem lyrics of some of the best Emily Dickinson poems. To make your browsing more effective, I have included a bit of each poem after the title. T Was Just This Time Last Year I DiedEmily DickinsonT was just this time last year I died.I know I heard the corn, The Sky is Low, the Clouds Are MeanEmily DickinsonThe sky is low, the clouds are mean,A travelling flake of snowThe Wind Trapped Like a Tired ManEmily DickinsonThe wind tapped like a tired man,And like a host, Come in,There is No Frigate Like a BookEmily DickinsonThere is no frigate like a bookTo take us lands away,Theres a Certain Slant of LightEmily DickinsonTheres a certain slant of light,On winter afternoons Theres Been a Death in the Opposite HouseEmily DickinsonTheres been a death in the opposite houseAs lately as to-day.This is My Letter to The WorldEmily DickinsonThis is my letter to the world,That never wrote to me, Wild Nights! Wild Nights!Emily DickinsonWild Nights! Wild Nights!Were I with thee, You Left Me, Sweet, Two LegaciesEmily DickinsonYou left me, sweet, two legacies,A legacy of loveDid you like this poem? Why not receive free classic poems by email?

Country paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Country paper - Essay Example The country is endowed with a number of minerals such as emerald, iron, copper, bauxite and gold. The temperatures along the coastline, for the most part of the year are usually high. The interior is usually warm even during the cool seasons that come in between April and September. The country has an estimated population of aboput24, 692,144 of which the Maku Lomwe of the north accounts for more than half. The country has over 9 ethnic groups. The larger demographic of the population is between the ages of 25 to 54 with females accounting 3,553,256 for while males account for 3,113,095. The major religions are Roman Catholics (28.4%) and Muslims (17.9%). Two political organizations; Frelimo and Renamo dominate the country, though allowing of multi–party democracy. As of 2013, the Gross Domestic Product stood at 15.63 Billion dollars with 25.83 Million people living under or dangerously close to the poverty line. The per capita income, in the same period stood at $605.5. As of 2013, statistics illustrated that domestic tourism accounted for 7.2% of Mozambique’s economic growth. The country’s population is not as indulgent in tourism because they are focused more on development through agriculture. In the same period, international tourism only brought in 6.11% of the economic development. This could be attributed to low levels of tourism promotion. The infrastructural development is substantially low and is rated amongst the worst in the world. In light of this, there country’s government has taken measures to try to improve this. Notably, the development of infrastructure is directly linked to the success of tourism. $17 Billion has been invested in pipeline development as a bid to improve economic growth. Mozambique has 7700 hotel beds that register only 40% occupancy rate. The country is challenged with access to land for hotel development in terms of speed and availability for access.

Female Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Female Entrepreneurship - Essay Example And, they have succeeded properly to show the world that they can be equality powerful and wise to run an organization as an entrepreneur. From the family run business and small business to the multinational companies the existence of the females in the powerful positions are clearly visible in the present time. From the grass root these females are nourishing themselves with great education. In the present time it has been seen that in most of the business schools the involvement of the male and female are almost same. This paper will focus on the general discussion about the female entrepreneurs. The leadership qualities and the present scenario in which these ladies are performing astonishingly are also mentioned accordingly. Introduction: In this modern society the men and women share the same respects. However, the females used to be taken as the weak gender for several years in the history of the human civilization. According to the mythical stories men and women are evolved fr om the same living organism. However, the behavioral approach and the communication pattern are totally different among these two living organism. John Gray’s book â€Å"men are from mars women are from Venus† became one of the most successful book in the last few decades for the behavioral study of these two living gender in the earth. It has been observed at a high intensity that the most important resource for an organization’s overall development remains to be its people and the customers whom it is serving to. It is by far the vital component in prospective decision making processes. (Heller, 2005). The policies and the practices within the organizational framework depend highly on its ability to adapt itself within an intensified competitive environment. (Dragun, n.d) Business environment: Men and women are different in their approaches and may be that is the reason the difference is seen in the decision making process of the females in the business enviro nment. It has been approved that the board of the companies have understood the potentials of the women CEOs and they have understood the impact of the positive impact of the new generation women CEOs in the field of brand building and building the new business empires (Price, 2007). There are many factors are important for the female CEOs to be successful in the men dominated world. Due to diverse range of participation, implementation of policies and variety of individual perception over execution of equal employment policies for females, the field of international business has become so diverse. Scholars like Toyne are of different opinion, as they have provided special emphasis on individual business organizations as participating units in the operation of international business and they also have pointed out the main reason behind disparity is actual consensus that more emphasis is provided on the entire business situation; rather than the organization â€Å"as unit if analysi s† (Vaghefi, Paulson and Tomlinson, 1991). Thus, the entire field of international business highly diversified and encompasses within its scope diverse range of strategic applications that are actually aimed at ensuring survival of an organization in an extremely competitive market. The strategic application regarding investment in international bus

Jury Trials and Plea Bargaining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jury Trials and Plea Bargaining - Essay Example Some of these issues have been addressed through a variety of initiatives but the perception still persists that a judicial system that is skewed towards the mighty, the rich and the influential have a built-in bias against the poor litigants and other members belonging to the lower strata of society. The view is that justice is not blind, instead, there is a tiered or layered dispensation of justice which favors the elite of this country and disregards the rights of the common poor people. As they say, justice delayed is justice denied, as the rich can exploit the loopholes in the system, hire the best lawyers and use all the means and devices to delay a trial by numerous postponements and appeals. This is the prevailing view today, which requires government action to remedy this bad situation in order to improve the administration of justice and restore the people's faith in the system. Discussion Court administration falls under the rubric of public administration and many people do try to improve its efficiency through various reforms and initiatives. Judges and the other court personnel, both at the trial and appellate tribunals, try hard to find new ways to process the cases more speedily through more efficient use of both judicial time and court facilities to avoid the so-called litigation crisis increasingly seen today and experienced by litigants (Swanson & Talarico, 1987, p. 40) which should translate to a smoother functioning and avoid these costly delays. The judicial administration has previously persistently resisted attempts at reforms due to a prevailing view that judicial independence is paramount regardless of however it works with the other government agencies, mainly the police, in the administration of justice. Its independence is a stumbling block at introducing reforms because any attempt to do so is interpreted or easily misunderstood as undue interference in the so-called separation of powers doctrine, it being the co-equal branch of th e other two branches of government, the executive and the legislative. This view has slowly changed over the years, as there is now an increasing realization that the sheer number of cases, both civil and criminal, have swamped the courts. This has necessitated a good number of initiatives which shifted the focus from adjudicative to administrative justice. De-clogging the courts – one good way to clear the courts is to prevent many less serious cases from even reaching the formal court system by dealing with it as early as possible while it is still in the pretrial stage. This is achieved by a number of ways like diversionary schemes, arbitration, mediation, plea bargaining and administrative penalties in an assembly-line manner which is utilitarian in nature, as contrasted to the previous rights-based theories of justice like the human rights and due process issues which are both inefficient, prone to delays and expensive (King, 2009, p. 186) because of economic considerati ons which trumped social considerations due to chronic budget deficits and other fiscal constraints today. Many of the rights of the accused are seen to be causing excessive delays, like the right to be presumed innocent, right to an attorney, right to remain silent, right to post bail and the right to file an appeal.

Transition stages of a group Essay Example for Free

Transition stages of a group Essay Recognizing that change will be occurring noticing our reaction to it initiates the transition process. Some people recognize the need change earlier than others. We may see the signs and notice the handwriting on the wall well ahead of others. Other of us may not recognize or react until the change is imminent. In either case, when change is apparent to sometimes obvious, we all form a reaction to the pending change. There are three options. It can embrace the change, accept it somewhat passively, or reject it. The first reactions will lead to the planning stage. However, if we reject or disagree with the change, we can become temporarily stalled. It might question the need for the change, become angry about it, feel highly stressed by the thought of it, or in some cases, experience feelings of depression like losing a job or getting a divorce can be so intimidating that short term counseling may be needed to help with acceptance of change and to facilitate the planning process. Before, we can continue the journey to the next adventure or change we will need to formulate a goal and action plan. If the change is about entering a new relationship, we often discuss with our partner the goals we have for the relationships, describe our expectations, or try to be clear in our own minds what it is we are looking for. If we are looking for a new relationship we may generate alternatives about how to meet new people. When anticipating a major move, we need to think about where we will live, what we need to take with us, and what need to be done before we can leave. The planning stage can help to minimize and diminish fears and concern about the unknown by identifying the concrete steps that will help us with the transition. Setting short term goals and envisioning the perfect scenario that could occur as a result of the change may help s to feel better about it. This is often the most difficult part of the transition process. It can be both stressful and sad to leave the familiar environments and routines or let go of cherished keepsakes, pets or a way of life especially when the experiences have positive. For many, the most difficult is to say goodbye to the people whom we have come to know, love respect, and depend on. There are things we do to reduce the effect of the separation. We may need to be sure that we have time to visit with each  of those special people and to set up ways to keep in touch. Setting a date for a reunion or a phone call in the near future may reduce feeling of finality. Creating photograph collages with special memories that may be given as parting gifts can help to keep memories in the forefront to reduce anxiety. Remembering that we are all only a phone call or e-mail away may even help to reduce the initial stress of leaving others behind. Whenever we start a new journey there are moments of anticipation or exhilaration. We may even experience and a adrenaline rush, where we can feel the physical effects of the body’s anticipating of the change. Whether we’ve moved to a new place, or we just start a new job, the initial entry, while stressful, can also be positive exciting. This stage is helpful in putting the past behind and embracing the excitement and newness of what is to come. Taking it all in, meeting new people, and looking at possibilities may seem exciting and sometimes even almost overwhelming. Sometimes this new period has been called the honeymoon period where the newness the change gives us a false sense of reality. True or false this period of initial excitement is an important bridge from the past to the future. This security and eager anticipation helps to energize us to cross over into our new situation. However wonderful the initial excitement, when the dust settles and reality sets in we can often feel a let down. We realize that we are in a new and different place. We are not sure of the culture, the expectations, or how we will fit in. during this stage we begin to fill in the blanks. We familiarize ourselves with the routines, the environment and people who potentially will enrich our lives if we allow it. As Spenser Johnson (1998) says in his book about dealing with change, â€Å"who moved my cheese†? during the search for new endings (or cheese) we must free ourselves of the fear, envision the goals and leaves the past behind. We may need to find mentor d or guides who can provide information and advice about the culture or context. We will need to explore untraveled paths and leave ourselves open to new experiences, although some days may be difficult especially at the onset or in the beginning of the change. Taking a one day at a time philosophy, we should allow ourselves to set a specific goals for the day, focus on one positive event that occurred that day, and let go of the past. â€Å"Movement in a new direction helps you find new cheese.† During this time we try to make the strange familiar by seeking out others who have  out similar interests, goals, or talent. We should seek out opportunities that pique out interests. When we reach this stage we are now living the change as a normal part of life. We feel as though we have become an accepted and valued member of the community or relationship. We can now focus on how we contribute to the environment and to make a difference in self actualization and elevate ourselves on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs scale. We may even realize that what we may have been holding onto about a former life was an exaggerated illusion and not the reality of that life at all. Finally we realize that while in this situation we should take advantage of what this new change offers as the next change is just around the corner, and it begins again!

stereotypes :: essays research papers

Listing Agreement (now called a service provisions agreement) 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A type of employment agreement between a principal and a agent 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It authorizes the broker to try to find (procuring cause) a ready, willing and able buyer on terms acceptable to the seller. Parties 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Seller is the principal 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The broker is the agent 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salespeople are the sub-agents of the seller 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cooperating broker is the agent of the listing broker and the sub-agent of the seller 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salespeople in the cooperating brokers office are agents of their broker Requirements 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Names of all parties 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Accurate description; does not have to be the legal description. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Terms and conditions (i.e. FHA or VA sales) 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Commission 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Asking price 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Items included or excluded (i.e. Stove refrig) 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Signature Responsibilities to the principal C - Confidentiality L - Loyalty O - Obedience T - Trust D - Do care/ do diligence A - Accounting/ accountability D -Disclosure Responsibilities to principal 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Licensees must Represent the general public fairly 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Without deceit or fraud 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Duty is over and above a fiduciary duty to the principal 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Broker should never accept a fiduciary duty that conflicts with his/her duty to the general public 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reason for the rule is to be certain the public is protected A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patent defects 0.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A defect plainly visible or as would be disclosed by the exercise of ordinary care 0.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You do not have a duty to disclose a visible defects B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Latent Defects 0.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A licensees must reveal all known hidden defects 0.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is hidden or concealed one that could not be discovered by reasonable inspection Puffing 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An opinion not made as a representation of fact but in tended to enhance the value of property Selling Disclosure Statement 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Took effect Jan. 1994 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Requires seller of one to four family residential properties to disclose defects in the structure in writing 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Filled out by the seller at the time of taking a listing 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Licensee should not participate or help to fill this form out 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Licensee should encourage the seller to be truthful 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  licensee is required to provide a copy to prospect before presenting the offer 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  if the buyer does not get a copy they have the right to resend the deal until the deed is conveyed Types of Listing Agreements Exclusive right to sell listing Property listed with only one broker however, seller promises to pay commissions no mater who finds the buyer during the listing period. Exclusive Agency Property listed with only on broker however, seller reserves the right to find own buyer and not pay a commission Open listing (Pocket Listing) Property may be listed with more the one broker however, the owner reserves the right to find their own buyer and not pay a commission. stereotypes :: essays research papers Listing Agreement (now called a service provisions agreement) 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A type of employment agreement between a principal and a agent 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It authorizes the broker to try to find (procuring cause) a ready, willing and able buyer on terms acceptable to the seller. Parties 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Seller is the principal 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The broker is the agent 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salespeople are the sub-agents of the seller 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cooperating broker is the agent of the listing broker and the sub-agent of the seller 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salespeople in the cooperating brokers office are agents of their broker Requirements 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Names of all parties 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Accurate description; does not have to be the legal description. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Terms and conditions (i.e. FHA or VA sales) 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Commission 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Asking price 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Items included or excluded (i.e. Stove refrig) 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Signature Responsibilities to the principal C - Confidentiality L - Loyalty O - Obedience T - Trust D - Do care/ do diligence A - Accounting/ accountability D -Disclosure Responsibilities to principal 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Licensees must Represent the general public fairly 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Without deceit or fraud 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Duty is over and above a fiduciary duty to the principal 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Broker should never accept a fiduciary duty that conflicts with his/her duty to the general public 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reason for the rule is to be certain the public is protected A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patent defects 0.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A defect plainly visible or as would be disclosed by the exercise of ordinary care 0.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You do not have a duty to disclose a visible defects B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Latent Defects 0.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A licensees must reveal all known hidden defects 0.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is hidden or concealed one that could not be discovered by reasonable inspection Puffing 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An opinion not made as a representation of fact but in tended to enhance the value of property Selling Disclosure Statement 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Took effect Jan. 1994 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Requires seller of one to four family residential properties to disclose defects in the structure in writing 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Filled out by the seller at the time of taking a listing 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Licensee should not participate or help to fill this form out 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Licensee should encourage the seller to be truthful 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  licensee is required to provide a copy to prospect before presenting the offer 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  if the buyer does not get a copy they have the right to resend the deal until the deed is conveyed Types of Listing Agreements Exclusive right to sell listing Property listed with only one broker however, seller promises to pay commissions no mater who finds the buyer during the listing period. Exclusive Agency Property listed with only on broker however, seller reserves the right to find own buyer and not pay a commission Open listing (Pocket Listing) Property may be listed with more the one broker however, the owner reserves the right to find their own buyer and not pay a commission.

History of Tourism Essay

Introduction Tourism is seen as one of the main industries in the world. â€Å"The World Travel and Tourism Council (2001) indicated that tourism creates more than ten percent of the global economic output and 1 in 10 jobs worldwide†. â€Å"Tourism starts with the wealthy, with images of prestigious visits to seaside resorts and spas, Grand Tours and the activities of business enterprisers such as Thomas Cook† (Towner, 1995). This paper describes the history and structure of the travel and tourism industry, the influence of local and national governments and international agencies, local and national economic policy, the effects of supply and demand on the travel and tourism industry and the positive and negative impacts of tourism. History Based on my perception, I would categorize the history of travel & tourism industry in three different time bands as follows: * Before 1945 * 1945-1979 * 1980 to current day Before 1945 In ancient times and approximately till the end of the 16th century people were living in agricultural communities was stationary, seldom moving from the local area and rural community. â€Å"Even with the beginning of the industrial revolution, which was making a slow start in the 18th century in urban and factory development, a richer ‘elite’ class alone enjoyed leisure and travel, while the workers worked in situ. Indeed as industrialization got under way leisure time or holidays where they existed tended to decrease† (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997) Prior to the 1950s, tourism was an industry which was inconsistent; hotels, transport operators, tour operators, travel agents, all tended to work separately. Hotels were mainly in the business to sell bed nights. Railways and airlines were in the business to sell seats, Travel agents, were selling travel and holidays however in each case they tended to work very much independently. Up until 1946, i.e. the period between the world wars, much of international travel  was for the privileged, wealthy and elite groups in society. â€Å"Thomas Cook introduced the first package tour in 1841, but in fact by that time the railways (The first passenger railway (Liverpool and Manchester) opened in 1830) themselves were offering excursion trips, for a traffic which they had not originally expected to carry. The first objective had been carriage of freight, and secondly the provision of faster transport for the current stagecoach travelers at far from cheap prices. The popularity of cheap excursion fares for special events was not expected† (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997) 1945-1979 If we look at the year 1945 as the year in which the development of the main growth in the tourism industry started, we can construct some general explanation concerning to the changes which one can differentiate in the tourism industry. From the mid-1950s onwards, mainly in the UK, the development of tour operators started changing the character of the industry from individual business activities to more integrated activities. â€Å"Hotels, for example, were beginning to see customers as wanting a range of services rather than simply buying accommodation. So hotels began to develop shopping arcades and later to offer secretarial centers in order to increase the spend of guests within the hotel complex. Transport operators, particularly in the airline business, saw the sale of transport services as being integral to a much wider need. Airlines offered insurance and accommodation booking for travelers† (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997) From 1950 onwards a combination of factors, such as increase in free time availability, increase in paid holidays, improvement of package tours, and growth in air transport – all combined to offer a wider possible holiday-taking market. This market was different regarding socioeconomic groups from the pre-1950 era. 1980 to current day By the 1980s several airlines were offering full travel services such as arrangements for holidays, medical services, hiring car, etc. By 1990 the formation of the tourism industry, especially in the United Kingdom and  Europe, was effected by the development of a number of very big companies. â€Å"In the USA, American anti-trust laws discouraged, if not prohibited, the development of large integrated companies†. The experience of American in operational tour has been very different from Europe, mainly compared with the United Kingdom (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997). Air travel improved even more rapidly. Nevertheless, this is only piece of the story, as nonscheduled traffic (charter services) increased considerably as well. â€Å"Making up an estimated 18 per cent of total movement by the 1980s and 50 per cent or more on European routes, where the charter traffic took over the greater part of the holiday movement, as tour operators developed their own services† (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997) Future The tourism business is likely to make important help to global economic development in the twenty first century. The cultural trade and understanding that is brought about through tourism is causing a more peaceful and internationalized universal society. Besides contributing to the expansion and renovation of local economies and communities, tourism development is playing an important role in both enhancing education and improving the position of the tourism business aimed at nurturing the next generation of those ready to take on the tourism business. The Structure of Travel & Tourism Industry This is the Leiper’s model: There are 5 key elements of a tourism system 1. Departing Travelers 2. Traveler Generating Region 3. Transit Route Region 4. Tourist Destination Region 5. Returning Travelers The first is the tourist (the human component), the next 3 components are geographical and organizational and relate to transport, tourist activities and the tourism industry which offers services, goods and facilities for tourists. The last is self explanatory. And the environment: Economic, Technological, Physical, Political, Socio-cultural, legal, etc. There are  some contemporary influences: 1. Changing actions and motivations of markets 2. Changing patterns of tourist flows 3. Require for planned tourism expansion 4. Force for sustainable tourism expansion 5. Concern for social, cultural and economic impacts of tourism The influence of local and national governments and international agencies The position of government is an essential and multipart side of travel and tourism industry, involving policies. State involvement in the trade is a fairly recent practice for central government. In general the state recognizes that the duties of the public sector must cover such matters as health, safety, fair trading and consumer interests and infrastructure in transport such as roads, railways and ports. These are all matters of direct concern to the resident population. There is a mixed record in the provision of leisure facilities, environmental protection and conservation which includes responsibility for the unique cultural heritage, an important part of Europe’s visitor attractions (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997). The state tourism agency, tourist board or government department will have an important role to play in advising on the strategy, offering opportunities to consult and cooperate with a dispersed private sector, and preparing a destination marketing strategy based on an identification of the appropriate markets and their needs and wishes (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997). Based on periodic surveys of the government role by the WTO, the OECD and individual countries, the principal functions of a Ministry of Tourism or of agencies under government control can be summarized as: 1. Research, statistics and planning. 2. Marketing. 3. Development of tourism resources. 4. Regulation, including trade regulation. 5. Training and education. 6. Facilitation/liberalization. Local governments At the local level the regional or local authority has a role similar to that of the central government and in many ways a more comprehensive and important one. Indeed, in the early days of mass travel stimulated by the growth of the railway network, public sector intervention in tourism was solely at the local level. There were no national tourism organizations. The growth of large resorts, pioneered in Britain at the main seaside canters, encouraged the development of local tourism administrations to carry out the responsibilities of the host destination (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997). International organizations There are a number of international bodies, both governmental and nongovernmental, with tourism interests. Government bodies reflect the national government’s interest in, and political will regarding, tourism intervention. In the industrialized countries, the tourism priority tends to be low. Because of the wide range of tourism activity the number of organizations with some concern or responsibility is great, but coordination and often cooperation as at the national level is weak. Furthermore, consultation with industry and operating sectors is often inadequate, as the sector’s voice is weak. The main sector industry bodies inevitably present the case of their own trade, sometimes as in modes of transport in a competitive situation. Thus the collective tourism approach is hard to organize and sustain, even when cooperation at the operating level is effective (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997). United Nations World Tourism Organization The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO/OMT) is a specialized agency of the United ?Nations and the leading international organization in the field of tourism. It serves as a ?global forum for tourism policy issues and a practical source of tourism know-how (UNWTO 2007:1).? The World Tourism Organization plays a role in promoting the development of responsible, ?sustainable and universally accessible tourism, paying particular attention to the ?interests of developing countries?. The Organization encourages the implementation ?of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, with a view to ensuring that member ?countries, tourist destinations and businesses  maximize the positive economic, ?social and cultural effects of tourism and fully reap its benefits, while minimizing its ?negative social and environmental impacts (www.wikipedia.org). The WTO has made efforts recently to strengthen its links with commercial and non-government partners through its system of affiliate membership which should help in the provision of practical guidance and as a basis for cooperative action (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997). Impact of political change on the travel and tourism industry Tourism growth in many countries has not been this high, in particular those countries were faced with a range of political unstableness that have made happen to hold back development in tourism. The political aspects of tourism are interwoven with its economic consequencestourism is not only a â€Å"continuation of politics† but an integral part of the world’s political economy. In short, tourism is, or can be, a tool used not only for economic but for political means† (Edgell, 1990). IRAN Tourism in Iran before the accession of the theocracy was characterized by a significant numbers of visitors traveling to Iran for its diverse attractions, boasting cultural splendors and a diverse and beautiful landscape suitable for a range of activities. Tourism declined dramatically during the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s but has subsequently revived. Since the Iranian revolution in 1979, the majority of visitors to Iran have been religious pilgrims and businesspeople. Official figures do not distinguish between those traveling to Iran for business and those coming for pleasure, and they also include a large number of Diaspora Iranians returning to visit their families in Iran or making pilgrimages to holy Shia sites near Mashhad and elsewhere. Despite the international tensions, the government continues to project strong rises in visitor numbers and tourism revenue over the forecast period, and to talk of projects to build an additional 100 hotels, for example, to expand its currently limited stock. In the early 2000s the industry still faced serious limitations in infrastructure, communications, regulatory norms, and personnel training. In  late 2003 there were about 640 hotels in Iran and around 63,000 beds. Officials state that Iran has in recent years earned about US$1bn a year from tourism. Iran currently ranks 68th in tourism revenues worldwide. Iran with attractive natural and historical sites is rated among the 10 most touristic countries in the world. Close to 1.8% of national employment is generated in the tourism sector which is slated to increase to 10% in the next five years. Weak advertising, unstable regional conditions, a poor public image in some parts of the world, and absence of efficient planning schemes in the tourism sector have all hindered the growth of (www.wikipedia.org). CHINA After Mao’s death, one of the most senior officials who had advocated private plots in the early 1960s, Deng Xiaoping, initiated gradual market reforms that abolished the communes and collectivized industries of Mao, replacing them with the free-market system. Deng’s reforms vastly improved the standard of living of the Chinese people, the competitiveness of the Chinese economy, and caused China to become one of the fastest growing and most important economies in the world. It also led to one of the most rapid industrializations in world history. For this achievement he is sometimes known as â€Å"The Venerated Deng†. As a result of Deng’s reforms, China is widely regarded as a returning superpower. Tourism in China has greatly expanded over the last few decades. The emergence of a newly rich middle class and an easing of restrictions on movement by the Chinese authorities are both fueling this travel boom. China has become one of the world’s most-w atched and hottest outbound tourist markets. The world is on the cusp of a sustained Chinese outbound tourism boom. China is the world’s fourth largest country for inbound tourism. The number of overseas tourists was 55 million in 2007. Foreign exchange income was 41.9 billion U.S. dollars, the world’s fifth largest in 2007. The number of domestic tourists totaled 1.61 billion, with a total income of 777.1 billion yuan. According to the WTO, in 2020, China will become the largest tourist country and the fourth largest for overseas travel. In terms of total outbound travel spending, China is currently ranked fifth and is expected to be the fastest growing in the world from 2006 to 2015, jumping into the number two slot for total travel  spending by 2015 (www.wikipedia.org). The effects of supply and demand on the travel and tourism industry Most studies modeling the demand for tourism have either used visitor arrivals or tourism earnings as a dependent variable (Narayan, 2002). Tourism demand is base on which all tourism related business decisions eventually rest. Companies and governments as a point incase, tour operators, hotels, airlines, and leisure facility providers are interested in the demand for their products by tourists. The accomplishment of many businesses depends completely on the status of tourism demand, and final management collapse is pretty often because of the collapse to meet market demand. Influencing Factors As we all experience the change around us the questions arises how these developments will have an impact on tourism demand. To name just a few categories: * Economy (e.g. from BIP over exchange rates to perceived risk of loosing the job) * Politics (e.g. the enlargement of the EU, taxation, environment) * Crisis and threats (e.g. terrorism, epidemic diseases, earth quakes) * Demographic Change (e.g. age structure, migration, educational level) * Technology (e.g. transport, communication, information) In addition we have to take into account the influences coming from general changes in consumer attitudes and, finally, the tourism industry itself, of course influencing the demand side of tourism (e.g. standardization of products, information channels, (over) capacities and price strategies). All these factors are linked to each other (Lohmann 2004). How can these factors have an impact? Holiday demand is driven by needs, motives, and expectations, its realization depends on the individual economic situation and the freedom to travel. Thus: * External factors may have an impact on tourism demand by affecting the ability to travel (freedom, time, money, fitness) and the motivation to do so. * Consumer Behavior is not a reaction on a single factor but on the whole set of influencing external factors. In addition it is driven by internal factors (e.g. motives, abilities etc.). Thus, the impact of a  change in a single external factor is limited Most of the external factors seem to be in favor for a sound development of tourism demand in Europe in the years to come. However, there are no signs for a general boom (Lohmann 2004). Supply While many tourism studies are focused on the demand side of tourism that is, the tourist, the supply side of the industry is often overlooked. Supply is seen as being modeled by five independent components: attractions, transportation, services, information and promotion. Most important component is the tourism attraction (Gunn, C. A. 1997). The supply of recreation and tourism is a complex combination of natural amenities, recreational sites, access, and private sector business activity which is influenced by an array of factors that act to provide opportunities that satisfy leisure-based travel demands. Measures of recreational site density that account for both physical/geographic size and population, or social capacity are used as key explanatory variables in models of tourism dependence (Marcouiller, Prey, 2004). The Positive and Negative Social and Environmental Impacts of Tourism The range impacts of Tourism include economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts. Impacts could be negative and positive, but should never be undervalued. The conception of sustainability is factored into these tourism impacts, when the size of the impacts turns out to be large enough to intensely change socio-cultural, environmental and economic areas of a tourist destination. Socially tourism has a great influence on the host societies. Tourism can be both a source of international amity, peace and understanding and a destroyer and corrupter of indigenous cultures, a source of ecological destruction, an assault of people’s privacy, dignity, and authenticity. Here are possible positive effects of tourism: * Developing positive attitudes towards each other * Learning about each other’s culture and customs * Reducing negative perceptions and stereotypes * Developing friendships * Developing pride, appreciation, understanding, respect, and tolerance for each other’s culture * Increasing self-esteem of hosts and tourists * Psychological satisfaction with interaction So, social contacts between tourists and local people may result in mutual appreciation, understanding, tolerance, awareness, learning, family bonding respect, and liking. Residents are educated about the outside world without leaving their homes, while their visitors significantly learn about a distinctive culture. Local communities are benefited through contribution by tourism to the improvement of the social infrastructure like schools, libraries, health care institutions, internet cafes, and so on. Besides, if local culture is the base for attracting tourists to the region, it helps to preserve the local traditions and handicrafts which maybe were on the link of the extinction. For example in Uzbekistan, particularly in such famous regions as Samarqand, Buhara, and Horezm tourists contribute significantly to the preservation of traditional handcrafting wood carving, hammered copper work, handmade silk and carpets, and of course to preservation and maintenance of architectural and historical monuments. Since Uzbekistan proclaimed its independence in 1991 many museums and monuments were renovated or opened to promote the national culture and traditions. Growing interest in this culture makes the local people proud of their way of life. On the other side tourism can increase tension, hostility, and suspicion. Claims of tourism as a vital force for peace are exaggerated. Indeed there is little evidence that tourism is drawing the world together (Robinson 1999). In this context economic and social impacts on the local community depend on how much of the incomes generated by tourists go to the host communities. In most all-inclusive package tours more than 80% of travelers’ fees go to the airlines, hotels and other international companies, not to local businessmen and workers. On the other hand large hotel chain restaurants often import food to satisfy foreign visitors and rarely employ local staff for senior management positions, preventing local farmers and workers from reaping the benefit of their presence. Tourism has the power to affect cultural change. Successful development of a resource can lead to numerous negative impacts. Among these are overdevelopment, assimilation, conflict, and artificial  reconstruction. While presenting a culture to tourists may help preserve the culture, it can also dilute or even destroy it. The point is to promote tourism in the region so that it would both give incomes and create respect for the local tradition and culture. There are also both negative and positive impacts of tourism on the local ecology. Tourism often grows into mass-tourism. It leads to the over consumption, pollution, and lack of resources. However, from the ecological point of view tourism is often more acceptable and preferable than any other industrial production, as it is environmentally friendlier (Batir Mirbabayev, Malika Shagazatova, 2007). Conclusion Tourism is widely believed to be the most rapidly growing industry in both developing and developed countries, consider tourism as one means for creating new jobs and reducing unemployment in different regions (Balali, 2009). The history of tourism is one of lumpy expansion, periods of massive growth interrupted by periods of recessions and stagnation (Lickorish, Jenkins, 1997). International travel and tourism is the backbone of globalization and enriches the world in many ways: It promotes economic growth, increases trade, advances development, and creates higher disposable incomes. It also strengthens communities, and, by bringing together people from diverse regions and backgrounds, advances the goals of peace and global understanding. These benefits hold true for developing, emerging, and industrialized countries, and they provide a major platform on which other industries can build (Gross, 2007).